MSAs are rarely found outside idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and help define clinical subtypes, complications, and expected treatment response
| Autoantibody | ||
| Subtype/Features | Treatment | Prognosis |
| Anti-Jo-1 | ||
| Antisynthetase syndrome, ILD, arthritis, mechanic’s hands | Early immunosuppression; treat ILD aggressively | Chronic ILD common; better outcomes with early therapy |
| Anti-PL-7 / PL-12 / EJ / OJ / KS / Zo / Ha | ||
| Antisynthetase variants; ILD often dominant | Aggressive ILD management; combination therapy | ILD severity varies; some forms more severe |
| Anti-Mi-2 | ||
| Classic dermatomyositis with strong skin disease | Responds well to steroids and standard immunosuppressants | Low cancer risk |
| Anti-MDA5 | ||
| Amyopathic DM; rapidly progressive ILD; skin ulcers | Immediate, aggressive multi-agent therapy | High mortality risk due to ILD |
| Anti-TIF1-gamma | ||
| Dermatomyositis; strongest link to cancer | Thorough cancer screening | High malignancy risk in adults |
| Anti-NXP2 | ||
| Dermatomyositis; calcinosis; increased cancer risk | Cancer screening; long-term calcinosis management | Calcinosis may be severe; malignancy risk elevated |
| Anti-SAE | ||
| Dermatomyositis with prominent skin disease | Screen for malignancy; treat skin and muscle disease | Variable; possible cancer association |
| Anti-SRP | ||
| Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) | Often requires IVIG plus aggressive immunosuppression | Can be difficult to treat; chronic weakness common |
| Anti-HMGCR | ||
| Statin-associated or statin-independent IMNM | Avoid statins permanently; steroids + IVIG | Chronic but treatable; improves with early therapy |
| Anti-cN1A (NT5c1A) | ||
| Inclusion body myositis | IBM is treatment-resistant; focus on rehab | Slowly progressive; limited response to therapy |
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